An Uphill Battle For College Essay - 1032 Words

An Uphill Battle Success in college is meant to be a challenge. Earning a college degree proves to potential employers the recipient has not only a higher education, but also the self-discipline and maturity to overcome the obstacles standing in the path of his or her success. Many of the challenges faced in college are universal shared by the majority of students while others can be personal or unique to an individual’s specific situation. Personal obstacles are the most difficult to overcome. A person can always seek advice, but in the end, the ability to overcome each obstacle rests on their shoulders alone. I will face many obstacles while attending college. Having a poor educational foundation, finances, and family life will make college success an uphill battle that I am determined to win. There are many obstacles standing in the way of my college success. The most challenging is having little educational foundation on which to build. Since childhood, I have had little interest in school. I can remember sitting in class, staring out the window, wishing the bell would ring so I could continue searching for toads and salamanders under the rocks behind the school. My favorite part of school was playing outside with my friends. I rarely did homework, and the teachers never seemed to care (possibly because I wasn’t disturbing the class). As I grew older, the only interests changing were those outside of school. Around the time I entered middle school, riding bikes with myShow MoreRelatedMy Life With My Mom962 Words   |  4 Pagesright mommy?† That was the one and only thing I would say to my mom every day when she dropped me off during my time in first grade. I didn’t want to go to school, make friends, nor learn; I simply wanted to stay home with my m om. It was a constant battle dropping me off at school. After a few weeks went by and nothing changed my teacher, Mrs. Bruno, had a solution. Early every morning she would wait for me outside the entrance and bring me into the classroom. When the day was done and it was timeRead MoreThe Black Disadvantage in the United States1655 Words   |  7 Pages Racial profiling, higher risks of incarceration, poverty, unemployment, more student debt; these are just some of the issues that African Americans face in the United States today. The statistical facts show that African Americans Face an uphill battle compared to White Americans. A good portion of the financial inequality that exists is due to the trickle down of white financial ancestral inheritance which was able to amass overtime unlike the historically disadvantaged, enslaved, and segregatedRead MoreThe Battle of Gettysburg950 Words   |  4 PagesJune 29, 1863, the day before the most memorable battle in history took place. The Battle of Gettysburg would become the major outcome of the Civil War. What happened in the following three days has greatly impacted todays society. The gut renching question topics leaving many historians puzzled is, what if? What if certain elements had played out differently, would the outcome of the war still remain the same? What if he decisions made by Generals of both the Union and ConfederacyRead MoreMy General Thoughts On The Film926 Words   |  4 Pagesstudents in the documentary. By and large the American consumer trusts colleges. Higher education is a public service organization that historically and unfortunately is not accustomed to answering to the public. The American consumer and tax payer trusts colleges. However The film sheds light on some not so commonly known facts to the lay person or outsider. Some major take-a-ways for me were: 1. The scale and enormous cost of college tuition nationwide. 2. The increase in tuition, a rise to 1120% sinceRead MoreThe Elementary School 2010 Yearbook Essay1511 Words   |  7 Pageswanted to be when we grew up. Under my name, it says, â€Å"A High School Teacher.† I’ve written countless scholarship essays about how I wanted to be a teacher because I wanted to help others, and teaching was the way I wanted to go about doing so. Now in college, I’m working towards degrees in Chemistry and Secondary Education, and studying the interactions between molecules and learning about the ongoing inequality in schools in funding. Students in America are not obtaining an adequate education becauseRead MoreThe Increase College Tuition Rates936 Words   |  4 PagesCollege is an institution or establishment that provides higher education or specialized professional and vocational training. College students in the United States are blest with several opportunities to help further their college carrier at least beyond as associate degree, alas children in developing countries such as Cameroon faces an uphill battle to earn a college degree due to high tuition, poor transportation low technology and inflexible college schedules. The increase college tuition ratesRead MoreFrankenstein Literary Analysis Essay903 Words   |  4 PagesFrankenstein Literary Analysis Friends will determine the direction and quality of your life. Loneliness is a battle that all people will once face at a certain point in their life; it is how they handle it that determines the outcome of that battle. In Mary Shelleys Frankenstein loneliness is the most significant and prevailing theme throughout the entire novel. Shelley takes her readers on a wild journey that shows how loneliness can end in tragedy. Robert Walton is the first characterRead MoreThe Impact of Smoking Bans875 Words   |  3 Pagespublic health and the environment there are a number of economic effects that have drawn criticism for the policy orientation. Additionally, evidence suggests that with some key demographics such as college-aged consumers, these smoking bans have done little to slow the impact of tobacco addiction on college campuses. Thus, as the account hereafter will demonstrate, the continued adoption of public and commercial-space smoking bans is a positive step in the reduction of second-hand smoking dangers butRead MoreThe Rising Cost For Pursuing A Postsecondary Education916 Words   |  4 PagesVying with other applicants for a job position is difficult without an adequate college education. The primary problem is the rising cost for pursuing a postsecondary education makes it difficult for students to afford and complete their college degrees. Tuition has doubled three times since 1980 and outp aced the nation’s inflation rate whereas the student loan debt is at its highest at over $1 trillion (Sobel, 85). That is comparably higher than the rate of credit card debt (Education). CurrentRead MoreThe American Revolution910 Words   |  4 Pagesit began in Lexington and Concord in 1775. Early in the war, the British continued to reign supreme with military victories. However, the Americans were running on moral successes, which increasingly frustrated the British. In October of 1778, The Battle of Saratoga proved to be a crucial turning point, when the British surrendered while trying to capture the Hudson River Valley. This critical win was what convinced the French to become a much needed ally for America in their quest for independence

Self Esteem, Along With Self Identity Essay - 934 Words

According to Janet Gonzalez-Mena (1998.)†Self-esteem, along with self-identity, comes from early experiences and continues up through school years into adolescence and adult hood. Children define themselves partly by looking at the images that they see reflected in the people around them.†(Pg. 247) While outside of the close environment of my family I became nervous and concerned about what people thought about me. This was the beginning of recreating my self-esteem in a new environment. I think that self-esteem starts all over when you are put in a new community environments or family. Although it gets easier as you get older because you will already have the practice and understanding of your self. I was very sensitive at first coming out of my close family connections. The people I started to make a strong connection to were my teachers and teacher assistants. I think that this was because they supported me in my learning and the community of my classroom. Providing young children in a new environment it is important to encourage a healthy self-esteem. I think people need different types of support and encouragement. Most young children have different education support that might make some type of impact on their self-esteem. Some examples that can challenge childrenâ€⠄¢s self-esteem are language barriers, disabilities, economic status, and the type of learners they are. I think by the time I got to grade school I establish the type of way I in took information. All of myShow MoreRelatedWhy I Want For The People Who Will Influence My Identity Essay1689 Words   |  7 Pagesresearch project is not headed in the direction of nose picking, as I have gotten older, this quote has caused me to reflect on the choices I have made in terms of who I am. If I do indeed hold the power to choose the people who will influence my identity the strongest, why did I not choose those who have allowed me to be authentic until now? What is authenticity? â€Å"Being authentic means something like living in accordance with one’s own unique values and ideals,† but it is greater than simply beingRead MoreThe Self Esteem Of Adolescent Females Through Delving Into And Reconnoitering Essay1587 Words   |  7 Pagesfeelings we hold about ourselves involves self-esteem (Myers, Willse, Villalba, 2011). Challenging boundaries, discovering our beliefs and values, and exploring who we are as people starts in adolescence (Arnett, 2013). Usually personality and self-esteem conflict is often challenged at an increased rate in females in the midst of this period of transition (McNeely Blanchard, 2010). By definition we are designing a group proposal to develop and expand the self-esteem in adolescent females through delvingRead MoreAdolescent Females And Self Esteem1262 Words   |  6 Pagesincrease self-esteem in adolescent females ages 15 to 17. The concept of self-esteem is discussed in depth in the proposed group program. Adole scence is a crucial time in developing a sense of self and strong self-esteem. Adolescent females experience low levels of self-esteem and have conflict with their identity during this time. The group proposal is designed to increase self-esteem and to teach new skills to have a stronger sense of self. Keywords: Adolescent, females, self-esteem GroupRead MoreRacial Identity Of African American Adolescents821 Words   |  4 PagesAlong with that, racial identity is another big contributor to the degradation of African American’s youth mental health, as a weak racial identity results in poorly mishandled ways of coping with racism and stress. African American students as early as middle school engage in introspection of their racial identity, where they begin to discover who they are and the negative stereotypes surrounding their identity (Cheryl Holcomb-McCoy, 2007, p.256). The results of a study of 297 African American adolescentsRead MoreNotes On Social Identity Theory1191 Words   |  5 PagesContextualizing BIRG: Social Identity Theory SIT (Tajfel et al., 1971; Tajfel Turner, 1979) has been explained briefly in the Introduction, which provided an overview on the nature of its construction (Galang et al., 2015) and its implications on ingroup inclusion, intergroup behavior, and self-esteem (Brewer Yuki, 2007). This theory is further discussed here, particularly its conception of group identification and esteem, to give context to BIRG and the framework of analysis that will be usedRead MoreDevelopment and Importance of Self Esteem Essay1722 Words   |  7 PagesIn Psychology Self Esteem is described as the Value or the level of Self Worth that one associates with him/her self. It is viewed as a resolute and enduring characteristic which often leads to the conclusion that it is a set Personality Trait. Self Esteem usually involves positive or negative recognizance of one’s belief’s, attitude, behaviour, emotions and physical appearance. Many teenagers from every culture, socio-economic background co untry or community suffer with Esteem issues. The mainRead MoreIdentity Theory And Social Identity1228 Words   |  5 PagesIdentity theory traces its root in the writing of G.H Mead, the American philosopher, sociologist and psychologist who says that the image or the feeling that a person creates for him or herself in a particular society is the result of other’s vision, which is created daily and is subjected to change. Richard Jinkens, the sociologist describes that social identity means who we are and who the others are and on the other hand what the other thinks about themselves and others. Further, Mead elaboratesRead MoreTowards An Understanding Of Self Esteem And Eating Disorders1404 Words   |  6 PagesTowards an Understanding of Self-Esteem and Eating Disorders By Melissa H. Smith, Ph.D. | Submitted On September 24, 2012 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Melissa H. Smith, Ph.D. During aRead MoreConsumers as Individuals – the Self1498 Words   |  6 PagesINDIVIDUALS – THE SELF Self-concept The self-concept refers to the beliefs a person holds about their attributes, and how they evaluate these qualities. Components of the self-concept It is composed of many attributes, some of which are given greater emphasis when the overall self is being evaluated. Attributes of self-concept can be described along such dimensions as their content (for example, facial attractiveness vs. mental aptitude), positivity or negativity (i.e. self-esteem), intensityRead MoreThe Self Paper1268 Words   |  6 PagesThe Self Paper Kimberly Kline Psych/555 January 20, 2014 Tracy Masiello The Self Paper This paper will define the concept of self, and explain how an individual develops a self-concept. It will explain the relationship between the self and emotion and how this relationship affects an individual’s self-esteem. It will also explain the relationship between the self and behavior and how this relationship affects an individual’s self-presentation.

Movie Journals Free Essays

string(119) " has come on to Mitch in some highly suggestive manners and he tells her, â€Å"back in your gilded cage Melanie Daniels\." Journal 1 What’s cooking? Explain the representation of women and their roles in their families. Explain the role of the generational conflict. How does the setting design tell about the characters? The film What’s cooking? is about four different families all coming from different cultures, but focuses primarily on the women of each. We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Journals or any similar topic only for you Order Now We have a Jewish mother who is trying to accept the fact that her daughter is a homosexual and trying to eases the acceptance. Then we have the Nguyens, the mother follows the Vietnamese traditions really tightly and depends on her eldest son to help guide her young children. In the Avila family we see  Elizabeth, whose macho husband has left her for her cousin and has found consolation with a colleague. In the Williamses the wife is dealing with an infidelity from the husband as well as putting up with an annoying mother in law. These family problems show us that every women has the same problems no matter what ethnicity they are or culture. Throughout the film we see generational conflict. In the Williamses’s family we see a conflict between the wife and the mother in law when they were arguing if the turkey was ready. The mother in law has different ways, â€Å"old styles† of cooking and preparing food, which causes them to bump heads. Also in the same family the father and son don’t see eye to eye in the son’s education. The son wants to go to Howard, an all black college. His father doesn’t want that for his son he tells him that he would rather like him to go to a University like UCSB and be part of the white patriarchal capitalistic society, but the son feels that it is more important for him to cope with his minority group. The visual designs used to portray the houses tell us a lot about the families. The Williamses house is the biggest out of all the homes. This shows that they are of a high socioeconomic class. When compared to the Nguyens we see that the Nguyens are of a lower socioeconomic class. We also see this when they are preparing the mash potatoes for the thanksgiving dinner. The Nguyens use their hands to mash the potatoes while the Williamses use a blender to mash it for them. The Nguyens are clinging to their Vietnamese traditions so tightly they haven’t a clue how to listen to their children. The Seeligs house decor seems to be old school insinuating that they have lived in the neighborhood for a while. They seem to be conservative keeping their old traditions. We see this when the father doesn’t want his daughter to tell his relatives that she is a lesbian and has a girlfriend. Journal 2 Hairspray Explain how Tracy challenges the ideology of her time. Explain how she challenges the way women are perceived. Explain how color acts as a way of explaining the world of the film. Tracy challenges the ideology of her time in many different aspects. Tracy lives in the 60’s when society was dominated by a white patriarchal system. Segregation was still going on but it was on its last terms. Tracy challenges the system by questioning why the African Americans only danced one a month on Negro day and why they couldn’t dance along side with the white kids. Questioning the Jim Crow laws that were a big part of society at the time, which kept people segregated. She also challenges the patriarchal society when she confronts the police which are the repressive state apparatus and how they don’t allow integration. Tracy challenges the way women are perceived in films. In most films women are these skinny tall beautiful women who get what they want. In hairspray Tracy is the opposite of this norm that has been adapted for women. She is a short big girl who is in love with the most attractive guy at school. Who in reality has no chance with him what so ever. Despite all of this she makes him fall in love with her challenging the norms. Showing us that anything is possible to achieve and that the true character of a person is defined by inner qualities rather than outer ones like skin, color, dress size or hair style. The colors in the movie play an important role on how the movie is seen. We see that the Corny Collins show is in black and white showing us that it is an example of how close minded people where at that time in history. At the end when the Corny Collins show gets rid of the segregated dancing we see Queen Latifah wearing a bright golden clothing to symbolize that they have reached their ultimate goal, which is to finally be assimilated and accepted into society. Journal 3 The Birds Discuss The Birds through an analysis of the male gazes. How is Melanie Daniels power taken from her? why? When we analyze the film The Birds through the male gaze we see through the eyes of Mitch, or Mitch’s point of view as he seems to view her for her sexuality and aggressiveness. She seems to want Mitch to watch her and goes out of her way to be sure that he does. In another scene as she is holding the lovebirds in the elevator she seems in some ways to be posing for the gentleman in the elevator with her. As she leaves the elevator her eyes seem to go to the side in a very cautious manner to see if the man is watching as she leaves the elevator. She seems to know the power and desire of her sexuality as we view her through the camera lens in the same way as one might view someone who is on display and want to be seen. This especially can be seen when Melanie’s has come on to Mitch in some highly suggestive manners and he tells her, â€Å"back in your gilded cage Melanie Daniels. You read "Movie Journals" in category "Essay examples" † He seems to suggest that she in fact is too much for him to handle sexually and mentally, and the bird cages symbolizes that maybe Melanie sees herself as one of those love birds and seeks love, and freedom from her own cage in life. Melanie is seen as a woman of strength and grace who is not afraid to go after what she wants and does not care who knows it. She is also aggressive and daring, as well as independent which makes all of these things admirable to some men, but could also frighten some men. The film seems to follow the ideology of investigate and punish we see this when Melanie is stripped from her power for defying the patriarchal rules. Melanie’s power is taken away when she gets attacked by the birds. When she is getting attacked she is moaning in a sexual way as if she were getting raped by the birds. Symbolizing how she is being stripped from her aggressiveness and confidence. Showing us how vulnerable she really is. The final step that tells us that her power has been completely removed is when we see her red nails ruined. Mitch’s mom no longer sees her as a threat of taking Mitch away from her so she holds her trying to console her, approving of her. Journal 4 Sunset Boulevard Is Norma Desmond a sympathetic character in the film? Who has the most power in the film? In the film Sunset Boulevard Norma Desmond is seen as a sympathetic character towards the middle of the film when the audience notices that she is stuck in her past, living in a dream, â€Å"waiting for the cameras†. It is her egoistic attitude and her actions that make the audience feel bad and sympathize her. We can also sympathize when she cuts her wrist because Joe has gone out to work on the movie script with Betty and thinks he is cheating on her. She makes the audience feel bad for her. When she finds out that there will be no film she goes crazy in disbelief In the last scene we see a fade in of Norma’s face this causes her to look and seem crazy with the help of the lighting. This makes the audience feel somewhat compassionate and sympathy for her. It seems that Norma Desmond has the most power in the film. Sunset Boulevard being a film noir takes part of the castration complex. She is seen as a â€Å"predator† aggressive and waiting for its prey so she can attack it making her a femme fatales. We see this when she sees Joe. She jumps all over him tries to buy him, making him want to stay. Joe being in the financial crisis that he was in made him vulnerable and susceptible to Norma’s control. Also in the film we see when she goes and buys Joe a suit, not knowing what to get the store owner tells him to get the expensive one that she is paying making him not be the provider. It is seen again when Joe goes to the pharmacy to buy Norma cigarettes. She hands him the money and Joe seems to be hesitant to take it. It seems that his male â€Å"provider† ego seems to not approve of the money given to him by Norma. It gets to a point that Joe actually starts to get use to the life he has. We can see Norma is in control over Joe because she takes away his life because he is living her. Making her have the power in the film. Journal 5 Out of the past Why is Jeff Bailey considered a classic film noir anti hero? Discuss the use of the male gaze in reference to the two central females, Kathie and Ann. Jeff Bailey is seen as a classic film noir anti hero in Out of the past. An anti-hero is a protagonist that does not always make choices that audiences would make, or has different, more unsound motivations than a typical hero. He can be shown to make poor or unethical choices yet is still intended to get the sympathy of the audience. This adds a complexity to the films and challenges many of traditions of literature and cinema. This makes us question the character of this protagonist, and yet we are forced to follow and empathize with him, because he carries the story. Jeff perfectly fits into this category. When he has the flashback of when he goes to Mexico to go look for Kathie who has taken 40000 dollars. Kathie being a perfect example of a femme fatale seduces him and makes him fall in love with her. She does this so he doesn’t turn her in, messing with his job orders. At the end Jeff is killed by Kathie because he has ran away with her not following the norms that the audience would expect, sending a subliminal message on the consequences if one were to act in that manner. The male gaze is used in the film and we can see it in the two central female actresses Kathie and Ann. The way they are portrayed through the male gaze is very different. We see Ann as a non seductive woman, that has an angelic face. The clothes she wears are not revealing and leave room for imagination. While Kathie on the other hand is seen as a very seductive women that does whatever it takes to get what she wants. Also the lighting used for each actress is different. For Kathie at times we see she is in a dark background and we can’t see her face. Making her a mysterious, cynical character. While Ann on the other hand is always in the light and we see her face symbolizing innocence. The angles at which they are filmed are also a factor. When Kathie is being filmed we see that she is looking down at Jeff, making her look superior. With Ann she is always at eye level with Jeff. Journal 6 Is Run Lola, Run truly a feminist film or does the male gaze still apply to this film? The film Run Lola, Run follows the feminist film theory but still has some male gaze point of views. The lead female character in Run Lola Run, is the heroine. Lola comes to the rescue of her boyfriend Manni, which disrupts the popular model, norm of men portrayed as the heroes of society. This film is set in Berlin where Manni loses a small fortune of his mob-boss’s money and relies on Lola to save his life. She has twenty minutes to gather 100,000 and meet him at a designated location or Manni will be killed. Not only is Run Lola Run unique because the woman is the heroine, but also because it combines animation and hand held camera to create a variety of experiences through different types of shot. The literacy design is coupled with a limited dialogue and more action, the film goes against the norm of popular cinema. Lola shows the audience that she has the power to shape what is going on around her, throughout each round. During the course of the film we see the game theory in action, there are three realities that play out. Each segment concludes with a different outcome. The choices of the main characters, Lola, alter the ending. Lola proves to be a strong and compelling person through examples such as her glass shattering scream. At one point it seems to own mystic powers, when it affected a game of roulette that Lola needed to win in order to acquire money to save Manni. There are other aspects of Lola’s power, as in her intense running throughout the entire film, robbing her father as well as helping in robbing of the supermarket, and saving another man’s life by simply holding his hand. Although she is white and slender, has bright dyed red hair, is very athletic, has tattoos, and is not the average beauty. The film not only challenges societal idea of what a woman should be, it also undermines the way films are commonly used to construct a reality for the viewer by going against the norm of shots, narrative, time, and the power of the individual. Lola is the writer of her own life, she takes an active role in her story as well as others. How to cite Movie Journals, Essay examples

Israel and the palestinians Essay Example For Students

Israel and the palestinians Essay Israel and the PalestiniansIsrael is situated at the connection of Africa and Asia. It is 20,000 square kilometres and unlike its neighbour Arab states it lacks natural resources. Lebanon and Syria border it in the north, Jordan in the east and Egypt to the south. Israel has also been holding Golan Heights, the Gaza Strip and the West Bank of the River Jordan since 1967. It has an extremely varied geography and climate. Most of the coastline lies on the Mediterranean Sea. In the south are the valleys of Jezreel and Hulveh. There is the lake Tiberias and in the east the hills of Samaria ad Judea on the west bank. There is also the Negev desert to the south, which makes up sixty percent of the total land area. Coastal inhabitants face a hot but temperate climate with more rain relative to the north. Inland temperatures are cooler with seldom snow. Tel Aviv is the largest city and the centre of industry. Jerusalem has been declared the capital but has not been recognised as such by the international community. Major towns in the West Bank include Nablus, Hebron, Bethlehem, Ramallah and Jericho. Agriculture and industry employ millions of Israelis. Today Israel is a leading fruit exporter. The industry is mainly based on military. Service industries account for more than half the employment in Israel. Tourism is another source of income. Politically Israel is a multiparty democracy. A President elected by parliament for a five-year term, a government under a Prime Minister and a 120-member Parliament (Knesset). The people of Israel are extremely diverse. Jews in Israel consist of East European Jews, Moroccans, and Ethiopian Jews. More Jews and Palestinians live outside their common land than in it. Judaism is essentially the religion of ethical monotheism, which means that one God made the world and created the human beings to help complete his plan. In the Bible it is stated that Abraham found Judaism. The land promised to the Jewish was then called Canaan. They were probably a Semitic people made up of nomadic tribes and speaking a language called Hebrew. Under Moses the Jews founded the Judaean State. Later because it was a small force Israel was invaded by the super powers of the day Egypt, Assyrian, the Hittites, Greece and finally Rome. In 636 Jerusalem fell to the Arabs. Fallowing in 1557 Ottomans invaded the city. Until the Ottoman collapse in 1918 it remained under Ottoman rule. Afterwards in 1917 when the British forces took Jerusalem and a period of bargaining between the British and the French for their regional strategic interests in the Middle East had begun. In 1922 France declared a mandate over Syria, and in short Britain and France together controlled all of what is today Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Syria and Iraq, leaving south Arabia as a nominally independent Arab territory. Palestinian Arabs were encouraged by Transjordanss independence from Britain 1928 and Iraqs in 1932. Meanwhile Britain had already ended its Egyptian protectorate in 1922; in 1936 she limited her presence there to a Suez Canal garrison. In Palestine Britain was now caught between Jewish and Arab demands, and found it increasingly difficult to satisfy both sides. Reacting to the phenomenal Nazi oppression of Jews, fully 225,000 Jews had left Germany and East and Central Europe for Palestine between 1933 and 1939. In February 1947 after various partition plans had failed in the face of Arab command on a unitary state, Britain referred the Palestine question to the newly formed United Nations. A Special Committee (UNSCOP) drew up a new partition plan: it called for ( i) a Jewish state in three linking segments, eastern Galilee in the north, the coastal plane from Haifa to Rehovot in the south, and the Negev desert; (ii) an Arab state, made up of western Galilee, central Palestine, a southern littoral bordering Egypt, and the port of Jaffa; (iii) an international zone in Jerusalem and Bethlehem; and (iv) economic union between all regions.* On Jan. 12, 1948 the Jewish Agency and Jewish National Council announced plans for a limited government. Meanwhile violence was causing many Jewish peoples death. On May 14, 1948 the state of Israel was established in Tel Aviv. It also committed the new state to the United Nations Charter. At least one percent of the Jewish populations lost their lives in the war. The war not only formed the Jewish State; it also changed the demography of the region. For the first time in the 1900 years the Jewish formed a majority in their own state. On January 23, 1950 the Israeli parliament declared West Jerusalem as the ca pital on April 24 the Jordanian parliament incorporated the West Bank and East Jerusalem. On May 25, 1950 Britain, France and the USA jointly stated their opposition to the violation of 1949 armistice lines, and committed themselves to preventing an arms race in the region. All the bordering Arab States remained in a state of war with Israel. Meanwhile the Canal Zone had become a source of conflict between Egypt and the Suez Canal Company runs by Britain and France. Israel attacked Egyptian positions in Gaza and the Sinai on Oct 29; Britain and France then issued ultimatoms to both sides to withdraw from the Canal. The three main consequences of the brief Suez war were: i) diminution of Britains role in the region; ii) increasing ties between the Soviet Union and the radical Arab States of Egypt, Syria and Iraq; and iii) a growing US role in the region, backing Israel and conservative Arab states, partly to counter the Soviet Unions influence.* From the Israeli Palestinian perspecti ve, the war changed little. Israel demonstrated its military ability, but its forced withdrawal from the Sinai showed up its diplomatic weakness and left her with insecure borders. Furthermore Syria still bombarded settlements from the Golan Heights. Palestinians realised that Egyptian supports alone could not help win back-lost lands. The PLO (Palestine Liberation Organisation- set up in 1964, calling for the liberation of all Palestine by armed struggle *) placed its forces under the commands of Egypt Syria and Iraq, and Nasser closed the Gulf of Aqaha to Israeli shipping. Israeli Foreign Minister Abba Eban told the UN it would break isolation by force if necessary. Egypt and Jordan signed a joint defence pact and warned other nations against supporting Israel. Iraqi forces moved through Jordan towards Israel. Early on the morning of June 5, Israel launched a pre-emptive strike on Egyptian airfields; Jordanian moved against Israel. Thus began the Six-Day War. Israel had i) capture d the Gaza Strip and the entire Sinai peninsula up to the Suez Canal; ii) gained control of East Jerusalem iii) captured the Golan Heights in the north from Syria.* Israeli forces now occupied more than three times as much territory as they did post 1948. The Arab world, however, shocked by the extent of their defeat, resolved not to negotiate with Israel. On November, 22 the UN Secretary Council unanimously adopted Resolution 242 proposed by Britain demanding: i) Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories; ii) mutual respect for the sovereignty of all states in the area with secure boundaries; iii) freedom of navigation in international waterways; iv) a just settlement of the refugee problem and v) demilitarized zones.* Both Israel and the frontline Arab states (except Syria) accepted the resolution, though disagreed over the definition of Israeli withdrawal. The PLO rejected the Resolution, as it made no mention of Palestinian national rights. Meanwhile a War of Attrition* begun with Israel around the Suez Canal and costing 177 Israeli lives and 681 Fedayeen casualties in 1968. By summer 1971 all Fedayeen were expelled from the kingdom and fled to Syria and Lebanon after the eleven day Black September conflict. In revenge Fedayeen killed the Jordanian premier, Wasfi al-Tal. By September 1975 Israel had withdrawn a further 40 kilometres in the Sinai creating a UN demilitarized buffer zone. Both sides promised to not use force and non-military cargoes en route to Israel could again travel the canal. In return the USA promised to help Israel militarily and economically, to discuss with her over a Geneva peace conference and general Middle East settlement and finally not to deal with a PLO under its present orientation. The two years that followed the war saw new and apparently contradictory trends emerge: i) the willingness of Arab states to negotiate disengagements agreements with Israel ii) Arab use of the oil weapon to punish pro-Israeli Western States iii ) increased Palestinian terrorism.* Arab states restricted the flow of oil to most western nations, thus forcing the price to quadruple and sparking of a worldwide economy crisis. This proved a stronger bargaining counter at this stage for Palestinian rights. On Oct 22, 1973 the UN Security Council passed the first cease-fire end resulting, in the creation of a new UNEF to be deployed on the Suez Front in November. The formal signing of a cease-fire at kilometre 101 between Israel and Egypt was the first complete agreement since the armistice of 1949. US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger had begun intense shuttle diplomacy to achieve peace. In May Israel withdrew from land she had captured from Syria in the war and returned to the town of Quneitra, while holding on the strategic Golan Heights. On April 12 that year municipal elections were held in the West Bank in accordance with Jordanian law. The result was a victory for National Bloc, largely composed of pro-PLO and New Communis ts. They now controlled Nablus, Hebron and Ramallah, but lost to pro-Jordanian candidates in Jericho and Bethlehem. The question of Jewish settlements was a major issue in the election. In 1975 secret buying West Bank land by the Israel Lands Authority had prompted unrest. Strikes broke out and the suppression by the military administration resulted 17,000 Palestinians to leave the West Bank. Yitzhak Rabin took power in April 1974 from Golda Meir; he faced a divided labour party, plus downturn economy, which led to high inflation because of oil ambargo and high cost of rearming. Later in April 1977, Rabin resigned because of financial scandals and replaced by Peres. Effects of inflation and impatience over perceived international hostility to the Jewish State, made for a new right-wing tendency just before the general election in may 1977. Over the years Israels political orientation had changed, from being a nominally non-aligned socialist state to a firm ally of the west, particul arly of the USA. School Uniform - Keep it or ditch it? EssayOn August 28, 1983, Menachem Begin had announced his plan to resign as Israel Prime Minister; he was succeeded by former Foreign Minister, Itzhak Shamir on October 10. On March 22, the opposition carried a bill calling for new elections. The following issues divided Israel: i) Lebanon with the left criticising Likud for putting military conscripts in a compromising position, and for allowing excessive civilian causalities; and with the right critical of the failure to remove the PLO presence; the 400 percent rate of inflation partly fuelled by the Lebanese campaign; West Bank settlements and the treatment of Palestinians; the growing gulf between secular Zionists and Orthodox Jews; and Israels loss of allies. In the elections voters deserted the two major groupings for the smaller parties and the result was inconclusive. After much bargaining, the Allignments and Likud agreed on a national coalition government. The coalition government pursued the Camp David autonomy talks, and sought direct negotiations with Jordan. Relations with Egypt had deteriorated after the recall of Egyptian ambassador. Israel received military aid from the USA, and also increased contacts with France, the UK, West Germany and China. Peres ma intained his efforts for diplomatic advance and met king Hassan of Morocco. He tried to show PLO as the greatest obstacle to peace. At the same time, the Israels economy was at last improving, but political and financial scandals continued. Also the terror in the streets increasingly continued. The February 11, 1985 agreement between Arafat and Hussein proposed a joint Palestinian-Jordanian delegation at peace talks. The most important improvement in the further years was Palestine National Councils (PNC) rejecting terrorism in all its forms including institutionalised terrorism and repeating the earlier commitments restricting the violence to Israel and the occupied territories. Immediately all Arab states except Syria plus countries from the Non-aligned Movement and China. The USSR recognised the proclamation but not the state itself. Israel denounced the declaration and began campaigning against it. The USA said the PLO statements were an advance but still too vague *. Within Isr ael a lobby for talks with PLO was getting strength. After forty-one years of the state of Israel, the chances for a resolution to the Palestinian problem have never appeared so distant or so close. Interpretation of the BookThis book is written in 1988, and the book includes the historical development of the Israel State and the Palestinian conflicts until the year 1987. It is a highly descriptive book, involving information but lacking of personal views of the writers. Meanwhile, the description of the conflict with detailed examples of events, helps the reader to understand the issue more clearly and easily. In my opinion this conflict between the two states affects the neighbouring countries in the region as well as the other states that have strategic interests in the Middle East. Therefore it is not a two-player game, instead it is a multi player game, and with each player having own goals and own rules. Also in the Middle East, religion becomes an obstacle in the solution of the conflicts. The observation of the conflict by taking the religion in to consideration is not well mentioned in the book. As it is well seen in this book too, like in almost all the countries of the Middle East, these two countries have strong impact of military on their policies, and also their foreign affairs are too much dependent to their internal political structures.